高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納總結(jié)【最新版】

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高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法有哪些

基數(shù)詞

表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞叫數(shù)詞。

1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成:

1-10 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten;

11-19 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen,

seventeen, eighteen, nineteen;

20-90 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety;

≥ 100

100 a/one hundred;

1,000 a/one thousand;

1,000,000 a/one million;

1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million

2. 基數(shù)詞的用法

1)作主語(yǔ):

Three will be enough for us.

三個(gè)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)就足夠了。

Two of the girls are from Tokyo.

這些姑娘中有兩位來(lái)自東京。

2)作賓語(yǔ):

Four people applied for this job, but we only need one.

四個(gè)人申請(qǐng)這工作,但我們僅需一人。

3)作表語(yǔ):

The population of China is over 1.3 billion.

中國(guó)有十三億多人口。

I’m twenty while my brother is sixteen.

我二十歲,我弟弟十六歲。

4)作定語(yǔ):

We have 300 workers in our company.

我們公司有三百名員工。

Forty students were involved in the interview. 四十名學(xué)生參加了這次采訪。

5)作同位語(yǔ):

You two clean these seats.

你們兩個(gè)打掃這些位子。

Have you got tickets for us three?

有我們?nèi)齻(gè)人的票嗎?

序數(shù)詞

表示順序或等級(jí)。

1. 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成:

1-10: first 1st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh 7th;eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th;

11-19: eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ;fifteenth 15th; sixteenth 16th; seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;nineteenth 19th;

20-90: twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth 60th;seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th;

≥100:

100 hundredth;

1,000 thousandth;

1,000,000 millionth;

1,000,000,000 billionth

2、序數(shù)詞的用法

1)作主語(yǔ):

The second is what I really need.

第二個(gè)是我真正需要的。

The first bottle has been full but the second is empty.

第一個(gè)瓶已滿,但第二個(gè)還空著。

2)作賓語(yǔ):

I got a third in biology.

我生物得到了第三名。

Do you Pfer the first or the second?

第一個(gè)和第二個(gè)你更喜歡哪一個(gè)呢?

3)作表語(yǔ):

I will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you

.我將是第一個(gè)支持你的人,也是最不會(huì)反對(duì)你的人。

Columbus was the first who discovered America.

哥倫布是第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲的人。

4)作定語(yǔ):

I’ll try a second time and see if I can do it.

我還要試一次,看看我能否做得了。

Take the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and you’ll get there.

在第一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)彎處向右轉(zhuǎn),然后在第二個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)彎處向左轉(zhuǎn)就到了。

5)作狀語(yǔ):

He came second in the race.

他在賽跑中得了第二名。

It was a snowy day when we first met.

我們初次見(jiàn)面時(shí)是一個(gè)下雪的日子。

3、 序數(shù)詞前冠詞的使用

1) 明確指明了先后順序或一系列事物按一定的規(guī)律排列時(shí),序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞。

This is the second time that I have been in London.

這是我第二次來(lái)倫敦。

Alva is the fifth child of the Whites.

阿爾瓦市懷特家的第五個(gè)孩子。

2) 表示“又一、再一”,不強(qiáng)調(diào)順序時(shí),序數(shù)詞前用不定冠詞。

You have bought four toys today. Why do you want to buy a fifth one?

今天你已經(jīng)買了四個(gè)玩具了,為什么還想再買一個(gè)呢?

I failed again, but I will try a third time.

我又失敗了,可是我要再試一次。

3) 序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格或其他修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)不用任何冠詞。

My first five years of childhood was spent with my grandparents.

我五歲前是和祖父母一塊度過(guò)的。

Mrs. Black’s second child is a genius.

布萊克夫人的第二個(gè)孩子是個(gè)天才。

4) 序數(shù)詞與名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞時(shí),冠詞由被修飾詞而定。此時(shí)序數(shù)詞是復(fù)合形容詞的一部分而不是獨(dú)立的,前面的冠詞完全由這個(gè)形容詞所修飾的名詞而定。

This MPV car is a second-hand one.

這輛商務(wù)車是二手的。

Habit is second nature.

習(xí)慣是第二天性。

5) 序數(shù)詞還可作副詞,此時(shí)不用任何冠詞。

First I am short of money; second I haven’t enough time.

首先我缺錢,其次我沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間。

6) 序數(shù)詞用在表示“每隔……”的every 后,其前不用冠詞。

every second day 每隔一天

every fifth day 每隔四天

every second line 每隔一行

7) 某些固定搭配中序數(shù)詞前不用冠詞。

first of all 首先

at first 起初

at first sight 乍一看,第一

數(shù)詞的用法

1. 分?jǐn)?shù):表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),分子須用基數(shù)詞,分母須用序數(shù)詞。

(分子是1以上的任何數(shù)時(shí),作分母的序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。)

1) 真分?jǐn)?shù)通常用英語(yǔ)單詞表達(dá)。

one-fourth 四分之一

two-fifths 五分之二

a quarter 四分之一

2) 分子和分母的數(shù)目較大時(shí),兩者都用基數(shù)詞,之間用over/by/out of/in 連接。

Seven over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight test.

二十個(gè)學(xué)生中有七個(gè)通過(guò)了飛行測(cè)試。

3) 帶分?jǐn)?shù):“整數(shù)+ and + 分?jǐn)?shù)部分”。

Two and a quarter inches of rain fell over the weekend.

周末期間的降雨量達(dá)二又四分之一英寸。

2. 小數(shù):小數(shù)總是用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表達(dá)。小數(shù)點(diǎn)后不論有多少位都不能用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),但小數(shù)點(diǎn)之前的數(shù)依然按照三位一個(gè)逗號(hào)的原則書(shū)寫。

0.786432 120,372.428

注意:小數(shù)點(diǎn)前的數(shù)按普通基數(shù)詞的讀法讀,小數(shù)點(diǎn)后的數(shù)每一位都要單獨(dú)讀。

15.503 讀作fifteen point five zero three

0.05 讀作zero point zero five

3. 百分?jǐn)?shù):百分?jǐn)?shù)中的數(shù)目用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字,后接percent或百分號(hào)(%),在專業(yè)統(tǒng)計(jì)或表格中常用%代替percent,在句首時(shí)則用英語(yǔ)單詞書(shū)寫。

I have invested 40 percent of my income.

我把40%的收入用作投資了。

Farmers’ income has increased by 30%.

農(nóng)民的收入已經(jīng)增加了30%。

4、 倍數(shù):表示倍數(shù)時(shí),一倍用once,兩倍 用twice/double,三倍以上用“基數(shù)詞+ times”。

1)“倍數(shù) + as many/much … as …”

My deskmate claims to have twice as many stamps as I.

我同桌聲稱他的郵票是我的兩倍。

This computer costs three times as much as that one.

這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)的價(jià)格是那臺(tái)的三倍。

2)“倍數(shù) + the size of …”

用法與size相同的名詞常見(jiàn)的有weight(重量),height(高度),depth(深度),width(寬度),age(年齡),length(長(zhǎng)度)等。

Our playground is five times the size of theirs.

我們的操場(chǎng)是他們的五倍大。

This street is twice/double the width of that one.

這條大街是那條大街的兩倍寬。

3)“倍數(shù) + what從句”

The value of the house is double what it was.

這所房子的價(jià)值是原來(lái)的兩倍。

People’s average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.

人們的平均收入是十年前的五倍。

4)“倍數(shù) + 比較級(jí) + than”

The room is twice larger than ours.

這間房子比我們的房子大兩倍。

This ball seats three times more people than that one.

這個(gè)大廳能坐的人數(shù)是那個(gè)大廳的四倍。

5)“比較級(jí) + than … + by + 倍數(shù)/程度”

The line is longer than that one by twice.

這根線是那根線的兩倍長(zhǎng)。

The population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6 times.

中國(guó)人口是美國(guó)人口的六倍多。

5、四則運(yùn)算:

1)加法:在口語(yǔ)中,小數(shù)目的加法常用and代表“+”,is 或 are 代表“=”。

在正式的場(chǎng)合或較大數(shù)目的加法用plus代表“+”,equals或is 代表“=”。

7+4=11 Seven and four is/are eleven.

13+12=25 Thirteen plus twelve equals/is twenty-five.

2) 減法:在口語(yǔ)中,小數(shù)目的減法用“Take away + 減數(shù) + from + 被減數(shù) + and you get + 余數(shù)”

“減數(shù) + from + 被減數(shù) + leaves/is + 余數(shù)”

在正式的場(chǎng)合或較大數(shù)目的減法用minus 代表“?”,equals 代表“=”。

12-5=7 Five from twelve leaves/is seven. /Take away five from twelve and you get seven.

21-7=14 Twenty-one minus seven equals fourteen.

3) 乘法:在口語(yǔ)中,小數(shù)目的乘法的乘數(shù)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,用are 代表“=”。

大數(shù)目的乘法用times代表“×”,is/makes 代表“=”。

在正式的場(chǎng)合下用multiplied by 代表“×”,equals 代表“=”。

4×5=20 Four fives are twenty

326×238=77588

Three hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.

Three hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.

4) 除法:小數(shù)目的除法:用pided by 代表“÷”,equals 代表“=”。

“被除數(shù) + pided by + 除數(shù) + equals + 商”;“除數(shù) + into + 被除數(shù) + goes + 商”

32÷4=8 Thirty-two pided by four equals eight.

Four into thirty-two goes eight.

大數(shù)目的除法:用pided by 代表“÷”,equals 代表“=”。

216÷8=27

Two hundred and sixteen pided by eight equals twenty-seven.

6、比率:一般來(lái)說(shuō)表示比率都用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字(包括句首的情況),但在非專業(yè)性的文字中,也可用英語(yǔ)單詞的形式。

The ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4.

七比四寫作7:4或7/4。

You have a fifty to fifty chance of success.

你成功的機(jī)會(huì)只有一半。

7、編號(hào):用基數(shù)詞時(shí) 名詞 + 基數(shù)詞 World War Ⅰ/Page 8/Room 109…

用序數(shù)詞時(shí) the + 序數(shù)詞 + 名詞 the First World War

8、年代與幾十幾歲:通常是逢十的基數(shù)詞用作復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示年代的數(shù)詞前用定冠詞 in the 90s;表示歲數(shù)的數(shù)詞前用形容詞用物主代詞 in one’s twenties

9、約數(shù):

1)表示“大約”可以用about/some/around/nearly/something like/more or less,用or so 表示“左右、大約”置于數(shù)詞之后。

The man in rags is about/some sixty years old.

The man in rags is sixty years old or so.

那個(gè)衣衫襤褸的男子大約有六十歲/六十歲左右。

Peter is something like thirty.

皮特大約有三十歲。

2)“多于、超過(guò)”用more/than/over/above;“少于、不超過(guò)”用less than。

She was more than/less than forty when she got married.

她結(jié)婚時(shí)有四十多歲/不到四十歲。

3)其他

半天(小時(shí))half a day=a half day; half an hour=a half hour

一個(gè)半 a day and a half=one and a half days

兩天半 two days and a half=two and a half days

一兩天……one or two days=a day or two

兩三天/周/個(gè)蘋果 a couple of days/weeks/apples…

三番五次 again and again; repeatedly; time and (time) again; over and over again; time after time

三年五載 from three to five years; in a few years

三三兩兩 in twos and threes; in knots

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:表語(yǔ)從句

1.定義:用作表語(yǔ)的從句叫做表語(yǔ)從句。

2.構(gòu)成:關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡(jiǎn)單句

3.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類:(1)從屬連詞that。如:The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。(2)從屬連詞whether,as,as if。如:He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來(lái)還與十年前一樣。The question is whether they will be able to help us.問(wèn)題是他們是否能幫我們。

注:從屬連詞if一般不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,如:All this was over twenty years ago,but it's as if it was only yesterday.這都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一樣。能跟表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為系動(dòng)詞be,seem,look等。如:It looked as if it was going to rain.看起來(lái)天要下雨了。(3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 連接副詞 where,when,how,why。如:The problem is who we can get to replace her.問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她呢。The question is how he did it.問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。

解釋:1.連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。如:I think it is because you are doing too much.我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰唷?.在一些表示“建議、勸說(shuō)、命令”的名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。should+動(dòng)詞原形表示,should可省略。如:My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。

2高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:主語(yǔ)從句

1.定義:用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。

3.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類:(1)從屬連詞that。如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明顯,她們確是親姐妹,她們的臉型很相似。(2)從屬連詞whether。如:Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否會(huì)來(lái)這里還不清楚。(3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 連接副詞 where,when,how,why。如:What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發(fā)生的,誰(shuí)也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不論誰(shuí)來(lái)都?xì)g迎。Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。

3高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:賓語(yǔ)從句

1.定義:用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。

3.引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類:

(1)從屬連詞that。如:He told us that he felt ill.他對(duì)我們說(shuō)他感到不舒服。I know he has returned.我知道他已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。注:that在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下,that不能省略。

1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,that賓語(yǔ)從句放在and的后面時(shí),that不能省略。)大家都會(huì)看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that不能省略。)對(duì)他我一無(wú)所知,只知道他是南方人。

3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that從句位于句首時(shí),that不可省略。)我簡(jiǎn)直不相信他曾說(shuō)過(guò)這樣的話。

4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語(yǔ),that不可省略。)鑒于他的特殊情況,我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。

(1)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句也可用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如:He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他對(duì)那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要說(shuō)什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。有時(shí)介詞可以省略。如:I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管誰(shuí)跟他結(jié)婚。Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做這件事的方式。

(2)從屬連詞if/whether。如:I doubt whether he will succeed.我懷疑他是否會(huì)成功。I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。

(3)連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 連接副詞 where,when,how,why。如:Who or what he was,Martin never learned.他是什么人?他是干什么的?馬丁根本不知道。I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要給我寫信說(shuō)什么事。I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我會(huì)告訴你我為什么要你來(lái)。You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。

4高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:不定式的構(gòu)成

1.不定式的構(gòu)成 不定式是由不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,在某些情況下to也可省略。不定式一般有時(shí)式和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化,通常有下表中的幾種形式(以do為例):主動(dòng)式 被動(dòng)式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 進(jìn)行式 to be doing/完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing/

1)不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作通常與主要謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,或是在它之后發(fā)生。如:They invited us to go there this summer.他們邀請(qǐng)我們今年夏天去那兒。He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一邊讓我通過(guò)。

2)不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生,它在句中可作表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),有時(shí)也可作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。如:She seemed to have heard about this matter.她似乎已聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這件事。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.我很抱歉讓你等了這么久。I meant to have told you about it,but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本來(lái)想告訴你這件事的,但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),在你們國(guó)家旅行這么多地方是一件很榮幸的事情。

3)不定式的進(jìn)行式 不定式的進(jìn)行式表示正在進(jìn)行的與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。它在句中可以用作除謂語(yǔ)以外的所有成分。如:It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好,這些天一直幫我們。He Ptended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假裝在認(rèn)真地聽(tīng)老師講課。We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.我們沒(méi)料到你一直在這兒等我們。

4)不定式的完成進(jìn)行式 如果不定式表示的動(dòng)作是謂語(yǔ)所表示

5)動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式構(gòu)成。如:Try not to be late again next time.盡量下次不要再遲到。He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我們永遠(yuǎn)不要再見(jiàn)到她。

學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的方法是什么

1. 利用構(gòu)詞法。熟記前綴、字根、后綴、派生詞構(gòu)成規(guī)律、合成詞構(gòu)成規(guī)律等,遇到生詞時(shí)往往就可以猜測(cè)出它的意思。例如,前綴semi-表示“(一)半”,那么就容易推出semicircle是“半圓”的意思了。

2. 歸類法。只要注意歸類比較,意義上的相近、相反,讀音、詞形、所屬范疇的相近等都可以成為加強(qiáng)記憶的手段。例如,我們可以把表示“笑”的詞語(yǔ)放在一起來(lái)記:smile, laugh, giggle, grin, chuckle, beam, smirk, sneer, chortle等。

3. 有計(jì)劃地反復(fù)重現(xiàn)。教育心理學(xué)把記憶分為瞬時(shí)記憶、短時(shí)記憶和長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶?茖W(xué)研究證明,遺忘的規(guī)律是先快后慢,新記憶在最初幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)遺忘得最快,如果4至7天內(nèi)不重復(fù)出現(xiàn),記憶將會(huì)受到抑制,甚至完全消失。而有計(jì)劃地反復(fù)重現(xiàn)已學(xué)詞匯則有增強(qiáng)記憶的效果。

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