雪萊的主要作品有《為詩(shī)辯護(hù)》、《麥布女王》、《伊斯蘭的起義》、《解放了的普羅米休斯》和《欽契》等。今天小編就跟大家一起來(lái)欣賞欣賞雪萊經(jīng)典詩(shī)歌吧。
Ode to the West Wind
西風(fēng)頌
I 第一節(jié)
O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,
Thou, from whose unseen Psence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,
Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,
Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed
The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,
Each like a corpse within its grave, until
Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow
Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill
(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
With living hues and odours plain and hill:
Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;
Destroyer and Pserver; hear, oh hear!
啊,狂野的西風(fēng),你把秋氣猛吹,
不露臉便將落葉一掃而空,
猶如法師趕走了群鬼,
趕走那黃綠紅黑紫的一群,
那些染上了瘟疫的魔怪??
呵,你讓種子長(zhǎng)翅騰空,
又落在冰冷的土壤里深埋,
象尸體躺在墳?zāi)梗怀?/p>
你那青色的東風(fēng)妹妹回來(lái),
為沉睡的大地吹響銀號(hào),
驅(qū)使羊群般蓓蕾把大氣猛喝,
就吹出遍野嫩色,處處香飄。
狂野的精靈!你吹遍了大地山河,
破壞者,保護(hù)者,聽(tīng)吧??聽(tīng)我的歌!
II 第二節(jié)
Thou on whose stream, mid the steep sky's commotion,
Loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed,
Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,
Angels of rain and lightning: there are sPad
On the blue surface of thine aery surge,
Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
Of the horizon to the zenith's height,
The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge
Of the dying year, to which this closing night
Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,
Vaulted with all thy congregated might
Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere
Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: oh hear!
你激蕩長(zhǎng)空,亂云飛墜
如落葉;你搖撼天和海,
不許它們象老樹(shù)纏在一堆;
你把雨和電趕了下來(lái),
只見(jiàn)藍(lán)空上你馳騁之
忽有萬(wàn)丈金發(fā)披開(kāi),
象是酒神的女祭司勃然大怒
愣把她的長(zhǎng)發(fā)遮住了半個(gè)天,
將暴風(fēng)雨的來(lái)臨宣布。
你唱著挽歌送別殘年
今夜這天空宛如圓形的大墓
罩住了混濁的云霧一片,
卻擋不住電火和冰雹的突破,
更有黑雨傾盆而下!呵,聽(tīng)我的歌!
III 第三節(jié)
Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams
The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,
Lull'd by the coil of his crystalline streams,
Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,
And saw in sleep old palaces and tower
Quivering within the wave's intenser day,
All overgrown with azure moss and flowers
So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou
For whose path the Atlantic's level powers
Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
And tremble and despoil themselves: oh hear!
你驚擾了地中海的夏日夢(mèng),
它在清澈的碧水里靜躺,
聽(tīng)著波浪的催眠曲,睡意正濃
朦朧里它看見(jiàn)南國(guó)港外石島旁
烈日下古老的宮殿和樓臺(tái)
把影子投在海水里晃蕩,
它們的墻上長(zhǎng)滿花朵和蘚苔,
那香氣光想想也叫人醉倒!
你的來(lái)臨叫大西洋也驚駭
它忙把海水劈成兩半,為你開(kāi)道,
海地下有瓊枝玉樹(shù)安臥,
盡管深潛萬(wàn)丈,一聽(tīng)你的怒號(hào)
就聞聲而變色,只見(jiàn)一個(gè)個(gè)
戰(zhàn)栗,畏縮??呵,聽(tīng)我的歌!
IV 第四節(jié)
If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;
If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee;
A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share
The impulse of thy strength, only less free
Than thou, O uncontrollable! If even
I were as in my boyhood, and could be
The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,
As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed
Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven
As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.
Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!
I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!
A heavy weight of hours has chain'd and bow'd
One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.
如果我能是一片落葉隨你飄騰,
如果我能是一朵流云伴你飛行,
或是一個(gè)浪頭在你的威力下翻滾,
如果我能有你的銳勢(shì)和沖勁,
即使比不上你那不羈的奔放,
但只要能拾回我當(dāng)年的童心,
我就能陪著你遨游天上,
那時(shí)候追上你未必是夢(mèng)囈,
又何至淪落到這等頹喪,
祈求你來(lái)救我之急!
呵,卷走我吧,象卷落葉,波浪,流云!
我跌在人生的刺樹(shù)上,我血流遍體!
歲月沉重如鐵鏈,壓著的靈魂
原本同你一樣,高傲,飄逸,不馴。
V 第五節(jié)
Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:
What if my leaves are falling like its own!
The tumult of thy mighty harmonies
Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,
Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,
My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!
Drive my dead thoughts over the universe
Like wither'd leaves to quicken a new birth!
And, by the incantation of this verse,
Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth
Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth
The trumpet of a prophecy! Oh Wind,
If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
讓我做你的豎琴吧,就同森林一般,
縱然我們都落葉紛紛,又有何妨!
我們身上的秋色斑爛,
好給你那狂飚曲添上深沉的回響,
甜美而帶蒼涼。給我你迅猛的勁頭!
豪邁的精靈,化成我吧,借你的鋒芒,
把我的腐朽思想掃出宇宙,
掃走了枯葉好把新生來(lái)激發(fā);
憑著我這詩(shī)韻做符咒,
猶如從未滅的爐頭吹出火花,
把我的話散布在人群之中!
對(duì)那沉睡的大地,拿我的嘴當(dāng)喇叭,
吹響一個(gè)預(yù)言!呵,西風(fēng),
如果冬天已到,難道春天還用久等?
賞析
《西風(fēng)頌》雪萊“三大頌”詩(shī)歌中的一首,寫(xiě)于1819年。[1]當(dāng)時(shí),歐洲各國(guó)的工人運(yùn)動(dòng)和革命運(yùn)動(dòng)風(fēng)起云涌。英國(guó)工人階級(jí)為了爭(zhēng)取自身的生存權(quán)利,正同資產(chǎn)階級(jí)展開(kāi)英勇的斗爭(zhēng),搗毀機(jī)器和罷工事件接連不斷。1819年8月,曼徹斯特八萬(wàn)工人舉行了聲勢(shì)浩大的游行和shi威,反動(dòng)當(dāng)局竟出動(dòng)隊(duì)伍野蠻鎮(zhèn)壓,制造了歷史上著名的彼得盧大屠殺事件。雪萊滿懷悲憤,寫(xiě)下了長(zhǎng)詩(shī)《暴政的假面游行》,對(duì)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)政府的血腥暴行提出嚴(yán)正抗議。法國(guó)自拿破侖帝制崩潰、波旁王朝復(fù)辟以后,階級(jí)矛盾異常尖銳,廣大人民正醞釀著反對(duì)封建復(fù)辟勢(shì)力的革命斗爭(zhēng)。拿破侖帝國(guó)的解體也大大促進(jìn)了西班牙人民反對(duì)異族壓迫和封建專制的革命運(yùn)動(dòng),1819年1月,終于響起了武裝起義的槍聲。就在武裝起義的前夕,海涅給西班牙人民獻(xiàn)上了《頌歌》一首,為西班牙革命吹響了進(jìn)軍的號(hào)角。在意大利和希臘,民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)方興未艾,雪萊的《西風(fēng)頌》發(fā)表不久,這兩個(gè)國(guó)家也先后爆發(fā)了轟轟烈烈的武裝起義。面對(duì)著歐洲山雨欲來(lái)風(fēng)滿樓的革命形勢(shì),雪萊為之鼓舞,為之振奮,詩(shī)人胸中沸騰著熾熱的革命激情。這時(shí),在一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)驟雨的自然景象的觸發(fā)下,這種難以抑制的革命激情立刻沖出胸膛,一瀉千里,化作激昂慷慨的歌唱。這時(shí)詩(shī)人正旅居意大利,處于創(chuàng)作的高峰期。這首詩(shī)可以說(shuō)是詩(shī)人“驕傲、輕捷而不馴的靈魂”的自白,是時(shí)代精神的寫(xiě)照。詩(shī)人憑借自己的詩(shī)才,借助自然的精靈讓自己的生命與鼓蕩的西風(fēng)相呼相應(yīng),用氣勢(shì)恢宏的篇章唱出了生命的旋律和心靈的狂舞。
一個(gè)秋日的午后,詩(shī)人雪萊在意大利佛羅倫薩近郊的樹(shù)林里漫步。突然狂風(fēng)大作,烏云翻滾。到了傍晚,暴風(fēng)雨夾帶著冰雹雷電傾盆而下,蕩滌著大地,震撼著人間。大自然威武雄壯的交響樂(lè),觸發(fā)了詩(shī)人的靈感,他奮筆疾書(shū),譜寫(xiě)了不朽的抒情短詩(shī)《致西風(fēng)》。這是1819年的事情。
全詩(shī)共有五段,前三段是在描寫(xiě)西風(fēng),贊頌西風(fēng),而后兩段則是進(jìn)一步的提升,詩(shī)人和西風(fēng)相互應(yīng)和。但兩者又溶為一體,成為詩(shī)的中心思想。第一段,詩(shī)人描寫(xiě)西風(fēng)掃除林中殘葉,送走生命的種子;第二段描寫(xiě)了西風(fēng)攪亂天上的云霧,呼喚雷電的到來(lái);而第三段則說(shuō)西風(fēng)掀起大海的兇猛海浪,摧毀樹(shù)木,三段三個(gè)意境,從樹(shù)林到天空,再到大海,飛翔在現(xiàn)實(shí)和想象中。詩(shī)人的想象夸張而豐富,表達(dá)出了西風(fēng)能夠抵抗腐朽,鼓舞新生的巨大潛能。第四段,便是創(chuàng)作形式的轉(zhuǎn)變,從寫(xiě)景到抒情。最后一節(jié)是整首詩(shī)的高潮,進(jìn)一步闡述了西風(fēng)作為“保存者”的力量。詩(shī)人要求西風(fēng)把他作為琴弦,使詩(shī)人能施展自己的力量去傳播革命的思想。為革命吶喊,把沉睡的人們喚醒“盡管我的葉落了,那有什么關(guān)系!” 作者希望西風(fēng)能夠賜予自己“狂暴的精神”,與西風(fēng)和二為一融為一體,去掃蕩腐朽反動(dòng)勢(shì)力。表達(dá)了作者愿意為革命犧牲的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)決心。西風(fēng)的氣勢(shì)正是詩(shī)人所要我們知道的,全詩(shī)洋溢著詩(shī)人對(duì)西風(fēng)的熱愛(ài)與向往。
《致西風(fēng)》采用的是象征性手法,整首詩(shī)從頭到尾都在寫(xiě)秋天的西風(fēng),無(wú)論是寫(xiě)景也好,抒情也好,都沒(méi)有脫離西風(fēng)這個(gè)形象。詩(shī)人不僅是在歌唱西風(fēng),也是在歌唱革命。詩(shī)中的西風(fēng)、殘葉、種子、云、風(fēng)雨雷電、大海、樹(shù)木都不過(guò)是象征性的東西,但它們卻有著深刻的含意。大自然順息萬(wàn)變的景象,正是革命戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的象征?窗,那狂暴如同狂女的頭發(fā),那黑夜中濃濃的無(wú)邊無(wú)際的神秘,是西風(fēng)的力量,那黑色的雨、冰雹、火焰是它的幫手,這力量足以使人震撼!芭,西風(fēng)啊,如果冬天來(lái)了,春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎?”詩(shī)人最后發(fā)出這樣的感嘆,雪萊愿意用自己的生命去感受西風(fēng),愿意用生命去等待春天。西風(fēng)已經(jīng)成了一種象征,詩(shī)人以西風(fēng)自喻,表達(dá)了自己對(duì)生活的信念和向舊世界宣戰(zhàn)的決心。
詩(shī)人以優(yōu)雅而蓬勃的想象力構(gòu)出了西風(fēng)的形象,那氣勢(shì)磅礴的詩(shī)句,把西風(fēng)的壯烈,急于掃除舊世界的情感抒發(fā)的淋漓盡致。詩(shī)中比喻奇異,形象鮮明,每一字每一句都表達(dá)了詩(shī)人激動(dòng)的心情。詩(shī)人雪萊愿意用自己的一切,為即將到來(lái)的春天奉獻(xiàn)。