英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)技巧與方法

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短文改錯(cuò)解題思路和檢查原則

1. 句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,特別是每個(gè)句子要有動(dòng)詞;

2. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài);

3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法;

4. 名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù),格的使用是否正確;

5. 定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;

6. 代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;

7. 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞是否準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤;

8. 并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)。

短文改錯(cuò)解題四原則

1.改動(dòng)以最少為原則;

2.虛詞以添加或刪除為原則;

3.實(shí)詞以改變?cè)~形為原則;

4.以保持句子原意為原則。

解題注意要點(diǎn)和能力培養(yǎng)

1. 核對(duì)錯(cuò)項(xiàng)時(shí),若的確有一時(shí)難以改出的地方,可以參考所改動(dòng)項(xiàng)是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一詞1個(gè),缺詞1個(gè),錯(cuò)詞8個(gè)。

2. 核對(duì)改正的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是否有重復(fù)。因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)往往覆蓋面廣,一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象。3. 核對(duì)答題符號(hào)是否規(guī)范,位置是否準(zhǔn)確,看看有無(wú)遺漏符號(hào)、忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問(wèn)題。

解題思路(三步解題法)

1.快速瀏覽全文,把握文章的主要時(shí)態(tài)、人稱及文章的主旨大意,順便標(biāo)記自己一眼就能看出的錯(cuò)誤。

2.細(xì)讀文章,找出錯(cuò)誤并改正。一般要結(jié)合文章的上下文以及出題規(guī)律來(lái)做題。

3.代入正確答案通讀全文,看其是否通順。

高考短文改錯(cuò)一般會(huì)在以下八個(gè)方面進(jìn)行設(shè)題

1. 動(dòng)詞:主要考查時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致和固定搭配。

①時(shí)態(tài)混用

Then the trouble started. We can’t open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.

很顯然此段的主時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去式,因此應(yīng)把can’t改為couldn’t.

②主謂不一致

There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.

a football game決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),故應(yīng)該把were改為was.

③固定搭配

He had little money left, so he had to give up buy the computer.

give up doing sth.是固定用法,故動(dòng)詞buy應(yīng)該改為buying.

2. 名詞:主要考查單復(fù)數(shù)混用。

Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.

表示“年齡多大了”應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式,故應(yīng)把year改為years.

3. 形容詞/副詞:主要考查兩者之間是否混用。

①副詞代替正確形容詞

During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.

很明顯是“與平時(shí)相比較更忙”,因此需要把usually改為usual.

②形容詞代替正確副詞

As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on ? get going!”

顯然應(yīng)把excited改為excitedly,用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞cheer.

4. 介詞:主要考查固定搭配,特別是動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配。

①介詞遺漏

I’m sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.

get rid of 是固定搭配,意為“擺脫,除去”。

②介詞多余

My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.

這里顯然是區(qū)分because of與because的用法。前者不能接句子,而后者充當(dāng)連詞可以接句子,故應(yīng)該把of去掉。

③介詞錯(cuò)用(一般為固定搭配)

I pick out her false hair and said, “Don’t be sad, Miss.”

pick out改為pick up.pick out挑選;pick up撿起。

5. 連詞:主要考查句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系。常考的三種關(guān)系主要是:轉(zhuǎn)折 (but)、并列(and)和因果(because)。

One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.

顯然,句意為“我們開車去的原因是因?yàn)槲覀円I很多東西”,所以應(yīng)該把but改為because / as / for.

6. 句式:主要考查that與what或which / how與what之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。這是短文改錯(cuò)的?键c(diǎn)。

She never has enough time for that she wants to do.

句意為:她沒(méi)有足夠多的時(shí)間來(lái)做自己想做的事情。很明顯應(yīng)該把that改為what.

7. 冠詞:主要考查冠詞是否多余或遺漏。

①冠詞多余

So I went to sell newspapers after the school.

“放學(xué)后”應(yīng)該用after school表示,故此處定冠詞多余,應(yīng)去掉the.

②冠詞遺漏

As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily life.

at an early age表示“很小的時(shí)候”,故early前應(yīng)加不定冠詞。

8.代詞:主要考查代詞是否多余或遺漏,以及代詞之間的混用。

①代詞多余

Don’t lose your heart if you fail in the exam.

lose heart表示“泄氣,喪失勇氣”,而lose one’s heart to sb. / sth.表示“愛(ài)上,鐘情于……”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,此處很明顯是指“別泄氣”,故應(yīng)該把your去掉。

②代詞遺漏

A teacher could make classes lively and interesting.

應(yīng)該在classes前加his,表示“使他的課堂生動(dòng)有趣”。

③代詞混用

We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty, the other would help him or her out.

根據(jù)句意“我們生活在一個(gè)大家庭之中,彼此間相處如同兄弟姐妹。如果我們之中誰(shuí)有困難,其他人就會(huì)幫助他/她解決困難”,所以應(yīng)把them改為us,把other改為others.

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